Welcome to Dr. Kate Brilakis' Learning Portal

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Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports essential substances and helps maintain bodily functions. Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume, while the other components constitute the remaining 45%

someWBCs contain granules
Granules 
​are tiny vacuoles  containing enzymes used to defend against pathogens, reduce inflammation and destroy cells.
Granulocytes are part of the
innate immune system 

let's look

at WBCs

 blood plasma antibodies are the opposite of the blood cell antigens

blood cell antigens are recognition proteins which determine blood types

anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rh
 antibodies are impregnated on the card.
Blood added to the card will clot if the blood exhibits antigens
on its cell surfaces which bind to the
antibodies on the card.

each RBC contains 270 million hemoglobin molecules...
​each can carry four oxygen molecules.

Eldon card

      type A        type B     type AB       type O

immature RBCs have a nucleus.
as they mature, they enucleate.
the ejected nucleus is engulfed by macrophages. this adaptation allows red blood cells to maximize their oxygen-carrying capacity by fitting in loads of hemoglobin and increases the RBC's flexibility to get through narrow capillaries. 

Hemoglobin is composed of 4 protein subunits and four iron-containing heme groups. 

  Rh antigen determines
blood type
(+) or (-)

 1. Leukemia
 2. Sickle Cell Disease
 3. Pernicious Anemia
 4. Eosinophilia

blood type test

  Rh antigen absent = (-)

fight bacterial infections

blood compositon

    Blood Analysis:          Pathology

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fight parasitic infections

  Rh antigen present = (+)

let's look

at RBCs

summary

   human blood

fight viral infections

   blood 

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phagocytes fight
​bacterial infection

antibody serum used to test for agglutination

 1

 6

 5

release histamine/heparin

Parasitic  Infections:
 5. Plasmodium
 6. Trypanosoma

agranular leukocyteshave few or no granules.
Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular.
B & T lymphocytes (B cells/T cells)
defend the body against specific pathogens and as such confer specific immunity.