Welcome to Dr. Kate Brilakis' Learning Portal

Hemoglobin is composed of 4 protein subunits and four iron-containing heme groups. 

  Rh antigen determines
blood type
(+) or (-)

 3. Pernicious Anemia

blood type test

  Rh antigen absent = (-)

fight bacterial infections

review question:

T cells and B cells belong  to the agranular category of __________________.

review question:

leukocytes are divided into two categories by which criteria?

blood compositon

    Blood Analysis:          Pathology

 6

review question:

explain the role of neutrophils.

 5

review question: describe the two primary components of blood.

  blood 

 1. Leukemia

review question:

without having to cite the specific molecules involved, describe how platelets form a blood clot.

release histamine/heparin

Parasitic  Infections:
 5. Plasmodium
 6. Trypanosoma

phagocytes fight
​bacterial infection

review question:

what type of molecule is hemoglobin? What is the function of hemoglobin? 

review question:

on the blood type identification card, what would cause each of the  four circles to look the way they do? What do they tell you about the person who donated the blood sample?

review question:

how are red blood cells made?

fight parasitic infections

  Rh antigen present = (+)

review question:

agranular leukocytes include which type of white blood cells?

 4. Eosinophilia

 2. Sickle Cell Disease 

Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It transports essential substances and helps maintain bodily functions. Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume, while the other components constitute the remaining 45%

review question:

a person who is type A blood is given type B blood in a transfusion by mistake. A clot forms. Explain why.

review question:

explain what determines that a person is type B+ blood type.

someWBCs contain granules
Granules 
​are tiny vacuoles  containing enzymes used to defend against pathogens, reduce inflammation and destroy cells.
Granulocytes are part of the
innate immune system 

antibody serum used to test for agglutination

watch this short video showing neutrophils looking for pathogens.

agranular leukocyteshave few or no granules.
Monocytes and lymphocytes are agranular.
B & T lymphocytes (B cells/T cells)
defend the body against specific pathogens and as such confer specific immunity.

let's look

at RBCs

let's look

at WBCs

summary

each RBC contains 270 million hemoglobin molecules...
​each can carry four oxygen molecules.

 blood plasma antibodies are the opposite of the blood cell antigens

   human blood

blood cell antigens are recognition proteins which determine blood types

Eldon card

      type A        type B     type AB       type O

anti-A, anti-B and anti-Rh
 antibodies are impregnated on the card.
Blood added to the card will clot if the blood exhibits antigens
on its cell surfaces which bind to the
antibodies on the card.

fight viral infections

immature RBCs have a nucleus.
as they mature, they enucleate.
the ejected nucleus is engulfed by macrophages. this adaptation allows red blood cells to maximize their oxygen-carrying capacity by fitting in loads of hemoglobin and increases the RBC's flexibility to get through narrow capillaries.