Welcome to Dr. Kate Brilakis' Learning Portal

The U.S. faces an increasing risk of malaria due to climate change.
90% of the projected global population will be exposed to malaria or dengue fever in the next few decades if the current warming trends continue. 

Polar bears are the poster child for the impacts of climate change on our natural world. During the next few decades, we'll have a  nearly ice-free Arctic in the summer. Polar bears rely heavily on sea ice which makes them very vulnerable to a warming planet. Sea ice permits "traveling, hunting, mating, resting, and maternal dens" along with sea ice-dependent prey" = seals.
Polar bears are highly K selective...
a long generation time with a low reproductive rate.

promise me...

promise each other,
promise yourself
you
will
vote

Staghorn coral colonies get their color from the algae that live within their tissue. They have 
antler-like branches that angle up from a central trunk. Each coral colony is made up of many polyps that grow together.

polar bears
and
​staghorn coral

A warmer planet will increase insect pests and pathogens.
Three important crops = wheat, rice, and corn, will be lost to insects by 25% per degree C of warming.

https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/polar-bears-and-climate-change

so when someone says to you so what, its just some polar bears...

Staghorn coral is in danger due to ocean warming which causes the corals to release the algae that live in their tissue and provide them food. This leads to their death. They are also threatened by ocean acidification caused by increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The lower pH makes it harder for them to build their skeleton.

But what can I do?

I'm just one person...

Every minute, a child under five dies of malaria. 

Freezing temperatures kill mosquito eggs. A warmer planet will trigger more outbreaks of dengue fever and malaria, already spread to Europe. 
Mosquitoes are the most deadly animal when considering the number of people they kill via infection.
We banned DDT when it killed off other important wildlife and led to mosquito resistance. Now the use of an organophosphate called Naled is being used despite it being toxic to bees and other animals.

besides increasing temperatures, pollution, and bacterial diseases, sunscreens and other products cause corals to bleach at extremely low concentrations because the ultraviolet filters they contain  induce latent viral infections to turn lytic. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2291018/

As the Arctic has warmed, the zoonotic pathogen exposure in polar bears has increased due to the changes in their ecosystem. "Warming temperatures and changes in rainfall is increasing pathogen persistence, prevalence, emergence, and transmission."
Long-term increases in pathogen seroprevalence in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) influenced by climate changeNicholas W. Pilfold

coral kicks out its symbiotic algae that live in its mineral skeleton when it gets too hot. As the temperatures rise, the photosynthetic algae start to produce toxins like H2O2 which reduce the algae's photosynthesis and stress out the coral. But abandoning the algae makes the corals more susceptible to disease and starves them. 93% of the Great Barrier Reef is now undergoing coral bleaching. Why then is 7 % not bleaching? Researchers are comparing the genes of algae that do well in higher temps to those of algae that did not. The heat-resistant algae turned on genes associated with stress resistance so they produced less toxins.

 The Department of Agriculture counted 2.5 million hives in 2015 compared to > 5 million in 1998. 
100 species of crops provide 90% of human's food.
71% of these crops are pollinated
​by bees.

people say...
"So some polar bears are dying. 
I've got bigger problems to think about."
 perhaps it's not the poster child that should worry us...

great barrier reef

mineral sunscreens
containing non-nano Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide are reef safe and are accepted by all countries with a reef safe policy. 

poster child

The “murder” hornet sports a pair of vicious mandibles that don't murder people but kill honeybees. The hornets decapitate worker bees and feed the bee to their larvae. They can destroy an entire hive in days. Sometimes a mob of bees will mount a defense against a hornet that enters the hive. They cover the hornet and then vibrating their wings which generates so much heat that the hornet is roasted alive. Honeybees in Europe and North America have not evolved this tactic and so are at the mercy of this predator.

the risk of species extinction increases with every degree of warming.

Some insects are thriving. Not a good thing for us. In 2020, east Africa suffered its worst plague of locusts in decades after a year of rainfall 400% above average. Hotter and wetter boosted locust numbers. Skies full of locusts destroying all the crops in their wake.

one-third of corals, freshwater mollusks, sharks, and rays
​ one-fourth of all mammals
 one-fifth of all reptiles
 one-sixth of all birds
​ are heading towards extinction.

Staghorn coral built the Caribbean coral reefs over the last 5,000 years forming dense groups called “thickets” in very shallow water
and providing a critical habitat for other reef animals, especially fish.

In 2021, there were 247 million malaria cases globally that led to 619,000 deaths, 77 % of which were children under the age of 5.
DATAUNICEF

and others...?

Houseflies will
​ double
in numbers in a few decades causing
an increase in foodborne illnesses

staghorn coral

coral bleaching

The emerald ash borer is a, green beetle that bores into ash trees to feed, killing the tree. Mild winters will allow green beetles native to Asia but introduced via jump dispersal to America and Europe to migrate north. They've already killed hundreds of million of ash trees across the US.

climate change has been called a force multiplier when it comes to bees...
as pest issues increase, farmers apply more pesticides which kills more bees. Heavy rains mess with bees' foraging patterns.
Wildfires/floods destroy bees' habitat.