Upper Appendicular Skeleton

                  Appendicular Skeleton

                         
 Clavicle:
​
 acromial end  (lateral end)
    acromial end articulates with the _____ of the scapula.
 sternal end  (medial end)
    sternal end articulates with the  _____of the sternum.
















​
 Scapula:
 borders:
     lateral, medial, superior
 angles:
     superior & inferior
 spine                
 acromion                 
 coracoid process            
 glenoid cavity



















​



​
​
 Humerus:

 head & surgical neck
         head of humerus articulates
​         with the _____ of the scapula.    
 deltoid tuberosity
 trochlea
 capitulum
 olecranon fossa
 coronoid fossa       

 






​
 Forearm



Radius:
   head                    
   radial tuberosity
   styloid process    
   ulnar notch    









​ Ulna
  coronoid process
  olecranon process  
  trochlear notch
  radial notch     
​  styloid process           
​
 















​







​Hand:  
 8 Carpal (wrist) Bones:  
 5 Metacarpal (hand)bones
 14 Phalanges (fingers) proximal, middle, distal
     



































​










        
​
The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle: 

Coxal Bone = fusion of 3 bony pieces: 
      ilium, ischium and pubis.
 Pelvic girdle  =
      R & L coxal bones + sacrum + coccyx    
 Pubic symphysis =
      cartilaginous joint between
​       L & R pubic bones    
 Sacroiliac joints
 

​


​Coxal Bone Landmarks
     acetabulum 
     obturator foramen
    








Anatomical differences between the M/F pelvis
 













​ 



​ Femur:
  greater trochanter
  head & neck 
  medial & lateral condyles 
  patellar surface











​
 The Lower Leg:

 Patella:
    apex
 

 







​Tibia: 
   tibial tuberosity
   medial & lateral condyles
   medial malleolus    

 Fibula:    
  head                
  lateral malleolus            




















​
 


Foot:
    7 tarsal (ankle) bones
    5 metatarsals (foot)
   14 phalanges (toe) distal, middle, proximal







 









 Articulations (joints)
​         & Body Movements
 

​ Classification of joint based on Structure of Joint:   
  Fibrous joint: 
      bones joined by dense connective tissue = sutures
  






Cartilaginous joint:
      bones are joined by cartilage =
          pubic symphysis, ribs to sternum           







​  Synovial  joint:
      bone ends are enclosed in a joint capsule
     (knee, hip, elbow, fingers) 

  Types of Synovial Joints:  
  Plane joint
  Hinge joint
  Pivot joint
  Ball & socket joint
  Saddle joint

​  Movements at Synovial Joints
  Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
  Circumduction
  Rotation
  Adduction/Abduction
  Pronation / Supination  (forearm & wrist)
 

 












​

  A joint “sprain” is when the ligaments are stretched       or torn.   Common sprains occur in the ankle.

  A joint “dislocation” is when the ends of the bones           in a joint are forced from their normal positions. Dislocation is most common in shoulders and fingers.​

Lower 
​Appendicular Skeleton