​ Femur:
  greater trochanter
  head 
  medial & lateral condyles 

                                                           Part II:
  The Appendicular Skeleton

    Foot:
    7 tarsal bones:     calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms  
    5 metatarsals:      #1-5        
   14 phalanges: (distal, middle, proximal)







 



















​
​


              Articulations & Body Movements
 
​Joint Classifications based on Structure of Joint:   
  Fibrous joint : 
      bones are joined by dense connective tissue   (sutures)
  Cartilaginous joint:
      bones are joined by cartilage (pubic symphysis, ribs to                              sternum)           
  Synovial  joint:
      bone ends are enclosed in a joint capsule
     (knee, hip, elbow, fingers) 

    
 




Types of Synovial Joints:  
  Plane joint
  Hinge joint
  Pivot joint
  Ball & socket joint
  Saddle joint









​  Movements at Synovial Joints
  Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
  Circumduction
  Rotation
  Adduction/Abduction
  Pronation / Supination  (forearm & wrist)
  Inversion / Eversion   (ankle)
  Plantar flexion / Dorsiflexion  (ankle)

 












​Anatomy of the Hip Joint:
   Iliofemoral ligament
   Pubofemoral ligament
   Acetabulum & acetabular labrum
   Ligamentum teres












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​



​Anatomy of Knee Joint:
   Tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
   Patellar ligament
   Anterior cruciate & posterior cruciate ligaments
   Medial meniscus & lateral meniscus
   Fibular collateral ligament
   Tibial collateral ligament

 


















​ID joint locations of the following on articulated skeleton:
    Temporo-mandibular joint 
    Tibio-femoral joint
    Intervertebral joints
    Distal radio-ulnar joint
    Sterno-clavicular joint
    Coxal joint 
    Gleno-humeral joint
    Sacroiliac joint

  A joint “sprain” is when the ligaments are stretched or torn.
  Common sprains  occur in the ankle. A joint “dislocation” is when 
  the ends of the bones in a joint are forced from their normal positions. Dislocation is most common in shoulders and fingers.​

Lower 
​Appendicular Skeleton

 Forearm

Radius:
   head                    
   radial tuberosity
   styloid process of radius   
  
 Ulna:
  coronoid process
  olecranon process  
  trochlear notch
  styloid process of ulna    

 Scapula:

 borders- lateral, medial, superior
 angles- superior & inferior
 spine                
 supraspinous fossa  
 infraspinous fossa    
 subscapular fossa
 suprascapular notch        
 acromion                 
 coracoid process            
 glenoid cavity

Clavicle:
 acromial end  (lateral end)
    acromial end articulates with the _____ of the scapula.
 sternal end  (medial end)
    sternal end articulates with the  _____of the sternum.

                        The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle: 

Coxal Bone:
 fusion of 3 bony pieces:  ilium, ischium and pubis

​ The Lower Leg:

 ​Tibia: 
   medial & lateral condyles
   medial malleolus    

 Fibula:    
  head                
  lateral malleolus    

​Coxal Bone Landmarks
     iliac crest
     acetabulum 
     obturator foramen    

    Foot:
    tarsal bones = ankle
    metatarsals = foot
    phalanges = toes

Patella (kneecap)

 Pelvis = R & L coxal bones + sacrum + coccyx    
 Pubic symphysis = cartilaginous joint
​                                    between L & R pubic bones  
 Sacroiliac joint  between sacrum and ilium 

 Humerus:

 head 
         head of humerus articulates
​         with the _____ of the scapula.    
 greater tubercle
 lesser tubercle
 trochlea
 capitulum
 olecranon fossa
 coronoid fossa       

Upper Appendicular Skeleton

​ Wrist and Hand:  
 Carpal Bones = wrist
 Metacarpal bones = hand
 Phalanges = fingers