102section1pics

polypeptide/protein = polymer

regulation of digestion: endocrine

triglyceride (lipid) = polymer

stomach

accessory organs: the pancreas

small intestine

nutrient absorption and processing

glucose = monomer

lipogenesis requires
essential fatty acids

IBS

one glucose (6C) broken down
2 pyruvates produced (3C each)

cephalic phase: vagus nerve stimulates gastric secretions in anticipation of eating.

enzymatic digestion of polymers

digestion starts with saliva and mastication

regulation of digestion: neural

absorbtion of nutrients

the goal of cellular respiration is to produce ATP

Digestive System

parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems
thought, sight, smell, of food; distension of stomach, chemoreceptors, pH leads to release of secretions to prep stomach for food

sympathetic shuts off digestion...parasympathetic activates it

urea

digestive "juices"

swallowing

glycogenolysis = liberation of glucose from a polysaccharide (glycogen)
gluconeogenesis = production of glucose from non-glucose sources like amino acids and fats

review question:

what is the enteric nervous system?

what's Peristalsis

CCK = cholecystokinin
hormone secreted by the small intestinal that stimulates the release of bile by the gall bladder/liver and the release of pancreatic juices by pancreas.

amino acids = monomers

gastric phase:
food stretching the stomach stimulates acid and enzyme secrretions

Hydrogen's electron completes a series of redox rx. energy from these reactions
is used to generate ATP.
last reaction is H + O to form water

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lactose intolerance

starch = polysaccharide = polymer

sphincters

step 3:
electron transport chain

two main functions:

blood sugar regulation: acts as
an endocrine gland by producing
insulin/glucagon hormones
digestion: acts as an exocrine gland producing enzymes for digestion

review question:

nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream in the ____ intestine.

2 pyruvates (3C each)
broken down
6CO2 produced
H carried to next step

energy released from breaking the bonds between the atoms that make up glucose is transferred to the bonds that
convert ADP to ATP

cellular respiration
catabolizes glucose and anabolizes ATP

protein digestion
releases amino acids including 7 essential aa. All 20 amino acids are used to synthesize new proteins.
when aas are catabolized, urea is released.

deamination

review question:

explain how your body makes sure that the material absorbed by your small intestine into your intestinal capillaries doesn't send toxins and pathogens into circulation.

accessory organs:
the liver

large intestine

review question:
What are the four functions of the digestive system?

monomer

review question:
why is the histology of the esophagus different from that of the small intestine?

gluten intolerance/
celiac disease

Glucose for cellular respiration comes from sugars and starches you eat AND can be made from other sources when glucose is not available.

review question:

if you smell an amazing bakery, why does your mouth water and stomach start secreting juices?

intestinal phase:
gastric activity inhibited as duodenum processes chyme.

review question:

what is peristalsis?

polymer

monomers are used to build polymers...
polymers are broken down into monomers

lipid metabolism

Secretin
hormone that stimulates the pancreas and bile ducts to release bicarbonates to neutralize the HCl

step 2:
kerb cycle

review question:

your pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland. how?

review question:

how does the endocrine system control digestion?

esophagus

protein synthesis requires
essential amino acids

stomach action

top to bottom...

diverticulitis

gut/brain connection

movement of monomers into circulation

gastrin:
hormone produced by the stomach which stimulates the secretion of gastric acid (HCl)

100 million neurons!

review question:

what is the purpose of gastric "juices"?

review question:
the membrane which covers the viscera (guts) are called ___ while the membranes that line the peritoneal cavity are called ___.

review question:

what role does the pyloric sphincter play in digestion?

The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the
secretions from the bile duct and pancreatic duct into small intestine. This sphincter opens when food is present.

step 1:
glycolysis

vitamins