Welcome to Dr. Kate Kraus Brilakis' Learning Portal
Sphenoid Bone:
sella turcica
superior orbital fissure greater wings
Occipital Bone:
occipital condyles (articulate with superior articulating facets of the atlas vertebra)
foramen magnum
and your tailbone...
Coccyx/ coccygeal vertebrae
Ethmoid:
cribriform plate (forms roof of nasal cavity)
cribform foramina
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
costal facet (head of rib fits here)
transverse costal facet
(tubercle of rib fits here)
Sacral Vertebrae / Sacrum
fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5)
articulates with L5 at superior articulating facts
articulated with coccyx at sacral apex
auricular surfaces
sacral canal
sacral hiatus
sacral foramina
transverse line
anterior surface of S1
median sacral crest
the articulating surfaces (auricular surfaces) of the sacrum and articulating surfaces of the os coxae (hip bones) articulate to form the
sacroiliac (SI) joint.
articular cartilage
diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysis
periosteum
endosteum
yellow marrow
red marrow
medullary canal (cavity)
Cervical Vertbrae (C1- C7)
C1 = “atlas” with superior articulating
facets to occipital bone of skull
C2 = “axis” with odontoid process and superior articulating facets to inferior articulating facets of atlas
C1 - C7 have transverse foramina (passage for vertebral artery)
features of cranial/facial bones
Thoracic Cage =
Sternum + Ribs + Costal cartilage + Thoracic Vertebrae
Sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
Frontal Bone:
supraorbital foramen
supraorbital ridge
bone types
Facial Bones:
Mandible (1)
Maxillae (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Nasal (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Vomer (1)
Palatine (2)
Skull Sutures (joints):
Identify the bones
joined by each suture:
squamous suture
coronal suture
sagittal suture
lambdoidal suture
specific vertebrae:
cervical/thoracic/lumbar
Lacrimal Bone
Vertebral Column = 3 groups of vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx
How many vertebrae are in each grouping?
Cervical = 7 Thoracic = 12 Lumbar = 5
Paranasal Sinuses =
air-filled space w/in skull bones:
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Maxillae:
palatine process
alveolar process
median palatine suture
Part 2:
Appendicular Skeleton = shoulder girdle + pelvic girdle + upper & lower extremities
ouch
Temporal bones:
mandibular fossa
zygomatic process
mastoid process
styloid process
temporo-mandibular joint
external auditory meatus
carotid canal
Hyoid Bone:
does not articulate with any other bone.
serves as attachment site for muscles of tongue and neck
compact bone
Cranial Bones:
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Temporal (2)
Frontal (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Mandible:
coronoid process
condylar process (also called mandibular process)
alveolar process
Ribs/Costal Bones:
12 pairs of ribs
7 pairs of “true ribs”
3 pairs of “false ribs”
2 pairs floating ribs
costal cartilage
Part 1:
The Axial Skeleton:
The Skull
Skull = cranial bones + facial bones
General Features of Vertebrae:
1 vertebral body
2 transverse processes
1 spinous process
1 vertebral foramen
2 superior articulating facets
2 inferior articulating facets
Rib w/
shaft (body)
tubercle
neck
head
facets (articulating surfaces
to body and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae)
Part 1:
The Axial Skeleton:
Axial Skeleton = skull + thoracic cage + vertebral column
long bone anatomy
Bone tissue
compact bone w/
Osteons (Haversian systems)
Haversian canal
osteocyte
lacuna
canaliculi
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)
“chunkier” than cervical or thoracic vertebrae
The Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Ribs