Sphenoid Bone:
 sella turcica

Occipital Bone:  
 occipital condyles
  foramen magnum  

​Ethmoid:                                    
  cribriform plate
      forms roof of nasal cavity
  cribform foramina  

​​Thoracic Vertebrae   (T1-T12)
 costal facet  (head of rib fits here)
 transverse costal facet 
      (tubercle of rib fits here)

 Sacral Vertebrae / Sacrum
  fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5)
  articulates with L5 and coccyx    
  sacral canal     
  sacral hiatus
  sacral foramina  
  sacral promontory  
  anterior surface of S1            
  median sacral crest
            and your tailbone...
 Coccyx/ ​coccygeal vertebrae

articular cartilage
diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysis
periosteum
endosteum
yellow marrow
​red marrow
medullary canal (cavity)

​Cervical Vertbrae   (C1- C7)    
   C1 =  “atlas”  with superior articulating
​               facet to occipital bone of skull 
   C2 =  “axis”  with odontoid process
   C1 - C7 have transverse foramina 

                                                        Thoracic Cage = 
           Sternum + Ribs + Costal cartilage + Thoracic Vertebrae                  
  Sternum
  manubrium
  body
  xiphoid process

​Frontal Bone:  
  supraorbital foramen 

 bone types

Facial Bones: 
    Mandible (1)
    Maxillae (2)
    Lacrimal (2)
    Nasal (2)
    Zygomatic (2) 
    Vomer (1)
    Palatine (2)

​Skull Sutures (joints):
  ​Identify the bones
 joined by each suture:
   squamous suture        
   coronal suture       
   sagittal suture
   lambdoidal suture   

                      specific vertebrae:

               cervical/thoracic/lumbar​

​​​​Lacrimal Bone

Vertebral Column  =  3 groups of vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx
How many vertebrae are in each grouping? 
Cervical = 7       Thoracic = 12      Lumbar = 5

Paranasal Sinuses =
 air-filled space w/in skull bones:
  Frontal 
  Ethmoid
  Sphenoid
​  Maxillary

​​​Maxillae: 
  palatine processes    
  alveolar process

Part 2:
Appendicular Skeleton = shoulder girdle + pelvic girdle  + upper & lower extremities

ouch

​​​Temporal bones:  
 mandibular fossa
 zygomatic process  
 mastoid process
 styloid process  

​Hyoid Bone:
  does not articulate with any other bone.
  serves as attachment site for muscles of          tongue and neck

compact bone

   Cranial Bones: 
   Parietal (2)
   Occipital (1)
   Sphenoid (1)
   Temporal (2)
   Frontal (1)
   Ethmoid (1)

​​Mandible: 
  body & ramus of mandible                                     condylar process
​     also called mandicular process
  mental foramen

                                                     
      Ribs/Costal Bones:   
   12 pairs of ribs
      7 pairs of  “true ribs”
      3 pairs of  “false ribs”
      2 pairs floating ribs
   costal cartilage

 Part 1:
The Axial Skeleton:
             The Skull               
        Skull =  cranial bones +  facial bones ​

​General Features of Vertebrae:  
 vertebral body
 transverse process
 spinous process
 vertebral foramen              
 superior & inferior articular facets

    Rib w/
     shaft (body)
     tubercle
     neck
     head

Part 1:
 The Axial Skeleton:
​Axial Skeleton = skull + thoracic cage + vertebral column 

 long bone anatomy

 Bone tissue

              compact bone w/
 Osteons (Haversian systems)
​ Haversian canal
 osteocyte
 lacuna
 canaliculi

 Lumbar Vertebrae   (L1-L5)
 “chunkier” than cervical or thoracic vertebrae

 The Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Ribs