Welcome to Dr. Kate Kraus Brilakis' Learning Portal

Sphenoid Bone:
 sella turcica
 superior orbital fissure   greater wings

Occipital Bone:  
 occipital condyles (articulate             with superior articulating                facets of the atlas vertebra)
  foramen magnum  

             and your tailbone...
 Coccyx/ ​coccygeal vertebrae

​Ethmoid:                                    
 
 cribriform plate (forms roof of                   nasal cavity)
  cribform foramina  

Thoracic Vertebrae   (T1-T12)
 costal facet  (head of rib fits here)
 transverse costal facet 
      (tubercle of rib fits here)

 Sacral Vertebrae / Sacrum
  
fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5)
  articulates with L5 at superior                                  articulating facts
  articulated with coccyx at sacral apex   
  auricular surfaces 
  sacral canal     
  sacral hiatus
  sacral foramina  
  transverse line  
  anterior surface of S1            
  median sacral crest

 the articulating surfaces (auricular surfaces) of the sacrum and articulating surfaces of the os coxae (hip bones) articulate to form the
​sacroiliac (SI) joint. 

articular cartilage
diaphysis
metaphysis
epiphysis
periosteum
endosteum
yellow marrow
red marrow
medullary canal (cavity)

​Cervical Vertbrae   (C1- C7)    
  
 C1 =  “atlas”  with superior articulating
​               facets to occipital bone of skull 
   C2 =  “axis”  with odontoid process                         and superior articulating facets                   to inferior articulating facets of                   atlas  
   C1 - C7 have transverse foramina                            (passage for vertebral artery)

features of cranial/facial bones

                                                        Thoracic Cage = 
           Sternum + Ribs + Costal cartilage + Thoracic Vertebrae                  

  Sternum
  manubrium
  body
  xiphoid process

​Frontal Bone:  
  supraorbital foramen 

  supraorbital ridge

 bone types

Facial Bones: 
   
Mandible (1)
    Maxillae (2)
    Lacrimal (2)
    Nasal (2)
    Zygomatic (2) 
    Vomer (1)
    Palatine (2)

Skull Sutures (joints):
  ​Identify the bones
 joined by each suture:
   
squamous suture        
   coronal suture       
   sagittal suture
   lambdoidal suture   

                      specific vertebrae:

               cervical/thoracic/lumbar​

​​​​Lacrimal Bone

Vertebral Column  =  3 groups of vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx
How many vertebrae are in each grouping? 
Cervical = 7       Thoracic = 12      Lumbar = 5

Paranasal Sinuses =
 air-filled space w/in skull bones:
 
Frontal 
  Ethmoid
  Sphenoid
​  Maxillary

​​​​Maxillae: 
  palatine process    
  alveolar process
​  
median palatine suture

Part 2:
Appendicular Skeleton = shoulder girdle + pelvic girdle  + upper & lower extremities

ouch

​​​ Temporal bones:  
 mandibular fossa
 zygomatic process  
 mastoid process
 styloid process  
 temporo-mandibular joint
 external auditory meatus
 carotid canal

​Hyoid Bone:
 
does not articulate with any other bone.
  serves as attachment site for muscles of          tongue and neck

compact bone

   Cranial Bones: 
 
 Parietal (2)
   Occipital (1)
   Sphenoid (1)
   Temporal (2)
   Frontal (1)
   Ethmoid (1)

​Mandible: 
  coronoid process
  condylar process (also called                     mandibular process)
  alveolar process

                                                     
      
Ribs/Costal Bones:   
   12 pairs of ribs
      7 pairs of  “true ribs”
      3 pairs of  “false ribs”
      2 pairs floating ribs
   costal cartilage

 Part 1:
The Axial Skeleton:
             The Skull               
        Skull =  cranial bones +  facial bones ​

General Features of Vertebrae:  
 1 vertebral body
 2 transverse processes
 1 spinous process
 1 vertebral foramen              
 2 superior articulating facets
 2 inferior articulating facets

    Rib w/
     shaft (body)
     tubercle
     neck
     head 
​     facets (articulating surfaces
            to body and transverse                processes of thoracic                    vertebrae) 

Part 1:
 The Axial Skeleton:
​Axial Skeleton = skull + thoracic cage + vertebral column 

 long bone anatomy

 Bone tissue

              compact bone w/
 Osteons (Haversian systems)
​ Haversian canal
 osteocyte
 lacuna
 canaliculi

 Lumbar Vertebrae   (L1-L5)
 “chunkier” than cervical or thoracic vertebrae

 The Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae and Ribs