Articulations (joints)
​ Classification of joint based on structure of joint 

  Fibrous joint: 
      bones joined by dense connective tissue

​  Synovial  joint:
      bone ends are enclosed in a joint capsule
     (knee, hip, elbow, fingers) 

Upper Appendicular Skeleton

​ Types of Synovial Joints (optional):  
  Plane joint
  Hinge joint
  Pivot joint
  Ball & socket joint
  Saddle joint

 Humerus:

 head & surgical neck
         head of humerus articulates
​         with the _____ of the scapula.    
 deltoid tuberosity
 trochlea
 capitulum
 olecranon fossa:
 (articulates with the ____ of the             ulna)
 coronoid fossa:
  (articulates with the ____ of the
​   ulna)      

  patella:
  lateral/medial         facets:
 (articulate with         the ___ of the 
     femur)

 apex

Cartilaginous joint:
      bones are joined by cartilage =
          pubic symphysis, ribs to sternum  

​The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle: 

Coxal Bone = fusion of 3 bony pieces: 
      ilium, ischium and pubis.
 Pelvic girdle  =
      R & L coxal bones + sacrum + coccyx    
 Pubic symphysis =
      cartilaginous joint between
​       L & R pubic bones    
 Sacroiliac joints

​ ​Tibia: 
   tibial tuberosity
   medial & lateral condyles
   medial malleolus    

 Fibula:    
  head                
  lateral malleolus    

Foot:
    7 tarsal (ankle) bones
    5 metatarsals (foot)
   14 phalanges (toe) distal, middle, proximal

Lower 
Appendicular Skeleton

  Forearm:
Radius:
   head                    
   radial tuberosity
   styloid process    
   ulnar notch    

​ Ulna:
  coronoid process:
  (articulates with the            _____ of the            humorus)
 
​ olecranon process:  
  (articulates with the 
     ______ of the              humorus)
 
trochlear notch
  radial notch     
​  styloid process   

​Hand:  
 8 Carpal (wrist) Bones:  
 5 Metacarpal (hand)bones
 14 Phalanges (fingers)
​     proximal, middle, distal

Anatomical differences
​between the M/F pelvis​

​  Os Coxae Landmarks
     acetabulum:
    (articulates with the
     ___ of the femur) 

     obturator foramen
     sacral articulating                   surface on ilium
        (sacroiliac joint)

​ Femur:
  greater trochanter
  head:|
  (articulates with the ___            of the os coxa) 
  neck 
  medial & lateral condyles 
  patellar surface

                  Appendicular Skeleton

​   Movements at Synovial Joints (optional)
  Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
  Circumduction
  Rotation
  Adduction/Abduction
  Pronation / Supination  (forearm & wrist)

​  A joint “sprain” is when the ligaments are stretched       or torn.   Common sprains occur in the ankle.

  A joint “dislocation” is when the ends of the bones           in a joint are forced from their normal positions. Dislocation is most common in shoulders and fingers.​

 Clavicle:
 acromial end  (lateral end)
    acromial end articulates with the _____ of the scapula.
 sternal end  (medial end)
    sternal end articulates with the  _____of the sternum.

 Scapula:
 borders:
     lateral, medial, superior
 angles:
     superior & inferior
 spine                
 acromion                 
 coracoid process            
 glenoid cavity:
  (articulates with the
     ____of  the humorus)